Yağ Teknolojisi
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Margarin, Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Yağlar ve Tahindeki Serbest Yağ Asitliğini Tespit Etme
1. AMAÇ ve KAPSAM Margarin , bitkisel ve hayvansal yağlar ve tahindeki serbest yağ asitliğini tespit etmektir. 2. PRENSİP Belli miktardaki bitkisel yada hayvansal yağın nötrleştirilmiş etanol-dietil eter karışımında çözülmesi ve bundan sonra ortamda bulunan serbest yağ asitlerinin etanollü KOH çözeltisi ile titrasyonu ilkesine dayanır. 3. ALET EKİPMAN Genel laboratuvar cihaz ve malzemeleri Hassas terazi 4. KİMYASALLAR · 1+1 (v/v) %95 v/v etanol ve dietil eter karışımı: Kullanmadan hemen önce, bu karışımın her 100 mL’sine 0,3 mL belirteç katılır Etanollü KOH çözeltisi ile nötrleştirilir. · 0,1 N etanollü KOH (…
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Membrane Technology in Industrial Processes
Membrane technologies separate fluid mixtures in many different applications. They can separate materials based on size or electrical nature, and are widely used in the food processing and chemical industries, and to a lesser extent in wastewater treatment. Among many applications are: concentrating products; sterilizing through removal of bacteria or viruses; removing constituents (e.g., fats, proteins, acids) from process streams; desalination; demineralization; purification; and clarification. This end use briefing provides a quick tutorial on membrane technology in industrial facilities. …
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Oil and Fat Technology Lectures 1 ( Dr. Aytaç SAYGIN GÜMÜŞKESEN )
Raw materials Oil bearing materials used as raw materials in fats and oils manufacturing may be of either plant (seed or fruit) or animal (land or marine animal) origin. Plants used to produce edible products: Soybean, cottonseed, sunflower seed, safflower seed, corn germ, peanut, olive, rice bran, rapeseed,canola, coconut, palm fruit, and Plant sources for ind. oils:Flax (linseed), castor bean, tung nut, and jojoba seed. Animal sources and animal fat products: Cattle, sheep, pigs, fish Butter, lard, tallow, whale oil and fish oil. In TURKEY Main raw materials used for oil manufacturing…
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Oil and Fat Technology Lectures 2 ( Dr. Aytaç SAYGIN GÜMÜŞKESEN )
Handling & Storage of Oil-Bearing Materials The handling and storage of oil-bearing materials is one of the most important phases of oil seed processing. The vegetable oils and feed industries are dependent for successful operation upon obtaining high yields and product of good quality from their raw material. Excessive biological activity in the seeds, either in the field prior to harvesting or subsequently during storage, will result in a reduction both in the quality and the yield of oil and meal. The handling and control of the raw materials for the oil seed industry can be primarily characterized by…
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Oil and Fat Technology Lectures 3 ( Dr. Aytaç SAYGIN GÜMÜŞKESEN )
OIL AND FAT TECHNOLOGY LECTURES III (Crude Oil Production) Prof.Dr.Aytaç SAYGIN GÜMÜŞKESEN Yrd.Doç.Dr.Fahri YEMİŞÇİOĞLU Extraction of Vegetable Oils Basic approaches : Mechanical Oil Extraction – cold pressing means no heat applied – hot pressing – external heat is applied Solvent Extraction – organic solvent (hexane, isopropyl alchool) – supercritical solvent (carbondioxide) Mechanical oil extraction Mechanical oil extraction (expression) is a solid-liquid phase seperation method which is applied to cooked seed flakes. It can be executed by batch, mainly hydraulically, and by continous, mainly mechanically, working presses. Screw presses; In oil…
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Oil and Fat Technology Lectures 4 ( Dr. Aytaç SAYGIN GÜMÜŞKESEN )
Refining of crude oil Crude oils as received from the extraction plant contain several non-triglyceride components which must be removed. Refining consists of several processes which accomplish this aim. A refining process is carried out following extraction of crude edible oils by means of screw presses and/or solvent extraction. In refining, physical and chemical processes are combined to remove undesirable natural as well as environmental-related components from the crude oil. These components comprise for example phosphatides, free fatty acids, pigments (such as chlorophyll), odors and flavors (including aliphatic aldehyde and…
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Oil Bearing Materials, Storage, Pretreatments
Oil Bearing Materials, Storage, Pretreatments
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Oils and Fats – Analytical Methods
Oils and Fats Major Component (%95-99) Minor Components (%1-5) Triglyceride Derivatives Free Fatty Acids Mono- and Diglycerides Non-Triglyceride Derivatives Phospholipids Sterols Pigments Vitamins Antioxidants Oxidation Products Trace Metals Hydrocarbons …
