Dersler
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Examples ( Dr. Bülent BELİBAĞLI )
Example: What is the osmotic pressure at 25⁰C of an aqueous solution that is 0.001 M sucrose ? Solution: Example: A solution of…
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Principles of Chemical Equilibrium ( Dr. Bülent BELİBAĞLI )
Chemical Equilibrium: The state that is reached when the concentrations of reactantsand products remain constant over time is called the state of…
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Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium ( Dr. Bülent BELİBAĞLI )
3. Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium The equilibrium constant is temperature dependent. • For an endothermic reaction, DH > 0 and heat…
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Acids and Bases ( Dr. Bülent BELİBAĞLI )
Characteristics of an acid: 1. It turns blue litmus paper to red 2. It tastes sour. Try drinking lemon juice (citric acid)…
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Ions as Acids and Bases ( Dr. Bülent BELİBAĞLI )
The stronger the H-A bond, the weaker the acid should be. The strong bonds are characterized by short bond lengths and high…
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Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Free Energy ( Dr. Bülent BELİBAĞLI )
Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Free Energy Spontaneity: A spontaneous process is a process that occurs in a system left to itself; once started,…
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Standard Free Energy Changes ( Dr. Bülent BELİBAĞLI )
Standard free energy of a substance = f(T, P, state of substance, concentration,…). The Standard free energy change (ΔG⁰) corresponds to reactant’s and…
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Chemical Reactions
•In the section entitled “Chemical Reactions” we discussed precipitation and acid/base reactions within a water-based medium (i.e., aqueous solutions). Water is by…
