Gıda Süreç Kontrolü
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Chapter-3: Laplace Transform
In the application of Laplace transform variable time is eliminated and a new domain is introduced. In the modeling of dynamic systems differential equations are solved by using Laplace transform. Properties of Laplace Transform The Laplace transform contains no information about f(t) for t<0. (Since t represents time this is not a limitation) Laplace transform is defined with an improper integral. Therefore the required conditions are the function f(t) should be piecewise continuous the integral should have a finite value; i.e., the function f(t) does not increase with time faster than e…
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Chapter-4: Input – Output Models and Transfer Functions
Transfer Functions Control systems are based on a single output and a few input variables. For this reason solution of model equation for all inputvariables is usually not required. “We need a method for “compressing” the model” For linear dynamic models used in process control, it’s possible to eliminate intermediate variables analytically to yield an input-output model. …
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Chapter-5: Control Systems
For the mathematical analysis of control systems its possible to consider the controller as a simple computer. For example, a proportional controller may be thought of as a device which receives the error signal and puts out a signal proportional to it. Similarly, the final control element may be considered as a device which produces corrective action (related with output signal of the controller) on the process. In industry final control elements are operated electronically in most of the cases. However, here a pneumatic (needs air to operate) valve is chosen in order to understand the details. …
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Chapter-6: Block Diagrams and Linearization
Example: Consider the stirred tank blending process. Control objective: regulate the tank composition x, by adjusting w2. Disturbance variable: inlet composition x1 Assumptions: w1 is constant System is initially at steady-state Both feed and output compositions are dilute Feed flow rate is constant Stream 2 is pure material …
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Chapter-7: Control System Design
Control objectives (based on management – financial objectives, process knowledge and operational requirements) for the plant. Safety. It is imperative that industrial plants operate safely so as to promote the well being of people and equipment within the plant and in nearby communities. Environmental Regulations. Industrial plants must comply with environmental regulations concerning the discharge of gases, liquids and solids beyond the plant boundaries. Product Specifications and Production rate. In order to be profitable, a plant must make products that meet specifications concerning product quality and production rate. Economic Plant Operation. It is an economic reality that the plant operation over long periods…
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Control Architectures ( Prof. Dr. Mustafa BAYRAM )
Connecting Controllers & Actuators In control programming we make statements like: Adjust v3 to maintain LC1 at LC1 set We could implement this as the following PID controller: …
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Control Objectives and Benefits ( Prof. Dr. Mustafa BAYRAM )
Three critical elements for achieving excellent plant performance: Equipment design + Operation conditions + Process control >> Safe, profitable Plant Operation >> Use 7 control objectives …
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Control Programming ( Prof. Dr. Mustafa BAYRAM )
What is a control program? • A detailed procedure identifying what every valve should be doing under each possible condition. • A computing language for expressing control relationships • Can be discrete (on/off or high/medium/low) or continuous (open % from 0% to 100%) …
