Akışkanlar Mekaniği
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Introduction
FE 222 FLUID MECHANICS Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles (Includes Unit Operations) (4th Edition) by Christie John Geankoplis, published by Pearson Education,Inc (Used to be Transport Processes and Unit Operations, 3rd ed…..) Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (7th edition)(McGraw Hill Chemical Engineering Series) by Warren McCabe, Julian Smith, and Peter Harriott 2 exams 30 % each final 40 % Fluids essential to life Human body 65% water Earth’s surface is 2/3 water Atmosphere extends 17km above the earth’s surface History shaped by fluid mechanics Geomorphology Human migration and civilization…
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Mechanical Energy Balance
MECHANICAL ENERGY BALANCE THE BERNOULLI EQUATION The Bernoulli equation is an approximate relation between pressure, velocity, and elevation, and is valid in regions of steady, incompressible flow where net frictional forces are negligible. Limitations on the Use of the Bernoulli Equation 1. Steady flow 2. Frictionless flow :( frictional effects are negligible for short flow sections with large cross sections, especially at low flow velocities) not negligable: – in region downstream of an object -in diverging flow sections -near solid surfaces 3. No shaft work (Bernoulli equation is not applicable in…
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Non-Newtonian Fluids
NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS Newtonian Behavior The shear rate is directly proportional to the shear stress, and the plot begins at the origin. Typical Newtonian foods: -containing compounds of low molecular weight (e.g., sugars) -do not contain large concentrations of either dissolved polymers (e.g., pectins, proteins, starches) -containing insoluble solids. Examples: water, sugar syrups, most honeys, most carbonated beverages, edible oils, filtered juices, and milk. t(Shear stress)= -μ (dv/dr) ( shear rate) μ constant ( independent of shear rate) All other types of fluid foods are non-Newtonian, – shear stress-shear rate plot…
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Overall Energy Balance
FE 222 Overall Energy Balance …
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Overall Mass Balance
Lecture Notes
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Overall Momentum Balance
The total linear momentum vector P of the total mass M of a moving fluid having a velocity of v is P=Mv …
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Pipe-Line Design
FOOD ENGINEERING DESIGN AND ECONOMICS PIPE-LINE DESIGN Design of piping systems The design of the piping system can influence the ease and cost of pumping very considerably. The following items should be considered by the engineer when developing the design for a piping system: 1.Choice of materials and sizes 2.Effects of temperature level and temperature changes a.insulation b.thermal expansion c.freezing 3.Flexibility of the system for physical and thermal shocks 4.Adequate support and anchorage 5.Alterations in the system and service 6.Maintenance and inspection 7.Ease of installations 8.Auxiliary or stand-by pumps and…
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Review of Fluid Mechanics Terminology ( R. Levicky )
1 Review of Fluid Mechanics Terminology The Continuum Hypothesis: We will regard macroscopic behavior of fluids as if the fluids are perfectly continuous in structure. In reality, the matter of a fluid is divided into fluid molecules, and at sufficiently small (molecular and atomic) length scales fluids cannot be viewed as continuous. However, since we will only consider situations dealing with fluid properties and structure over distances much greater than the average spacing between fluid molecules, we will regard a fluid as a continuous medium whose properties (density, pressure etc.)…
