ALL PROCESSES MUST HAVE SAFETY THROUGH AUTOMATION

• SAFETY MUST ACCOUNT FOR FAILURES OF EQUIPMENT (INCLUDING CONTROL) & PERSONNEL

• MULTIPLE FAILURES MUST BE COVERED

• RESPONSES SHOULD BE LIMITED, TRY TO MAINTAIN PRODUCTION, IF POSSIBLE

• AUTOMATION SYSTEMS CONTRIBUTE TO SAFE OPERATION

(if they are designed and maintained properly!)

LET’S CONSIDER A FLASH DRUM

Is this process safe and ready to operate?

Is the design compete?

…