Precipitation titration :

Volumetric methods based upon the formation of slightly soluble precipitate are called ” precipitation titration ” . Because of the precipitating titration based upon utilizing silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a precipitating agent, then it called ” argentimetric processes ” .

Precipitation titration is a very important , because it is a perfect method for determine halogens and some metal ions .

Titration curves for precipitation titrations :

Titration curves are represents :

1) The change in conc. of reactants throughout titration .

2) Titration error that is likely occur when using the indicators .

3) The conditions at equivalent point

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End point detection precipitation titration :

1) formation of a second colored precipitate (Mohr method):

2) formation of colored complex ( Volhard method ) :

Complex formation titration

Titration curve for complexation titration :

Composition of EDTA solution as a function of pH :

Complexes of EDTA and metal ions :

Derivation of titration curves for EDTA titration :

Indicators for EDTA titration :

Titration method employing EDTA :

1) Direct titration :

2) Back – titration :

3) Displacement titration :

Solubility of precipitates

Solubility product constant (K.S.P) :

Application of KSP in precipitation :

1) Completments of precipitation :

2) Dissolution of precipitate:

3) Prevention of precipitation :

Factors effecting the solubility of precipitates :

2) Effect of hydronium ion concentration (pH) :

3) Formation of complex ion :

4) Temperature :

Effect of electrolyte concentration on solubility :

Coefficient of activity :

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