Supervisor: Prof. Dr. SİBEL FADILOĞLU

Asisstant : Res. Asisst. Hasene KESKİN

GROUP A2

Fatma ATALAY

İlknur AYTEN

Burcu AYKANAT

Mehmet Ali BACANAK

Emre BALIÇOK

INTRODUCTION

Fatma ATALAY

HISTORY OF KEFIR

Kefir was found 5000 years ago by the Turks who continued their nomadic life in Central Asia. When they first domesticated animals, the Turks, who benefited from their milk, carried milk products that they brewed in every area of ​​their lives everywhere. They are constantly using horses, goats and sheep from their side; They produced kefir from horse milk, kumiss, goat or sheep milk.

That is why the Europeans gave the Turks the name “Lactafagus” (milk glutton).

They have been in the interest of researchers with their brain and physical strength, their protein nutrition, their very strong and healthy body structures.

Elie Metchnikoff is a Nobel Prize-winning biologist at the Pasteur Institute, he attributed the long and healthy life of the Caucasus Montains to their consumption of sour milk.

FERMENTATION OF KEFİR

Kefir fermentation is similar to yogurt fermentation.

Yogurt is only fermented by bacteria but kefir fermentation involves the help of bacteria as well as yeasts. These yeast produce some alcohol and carbon dioxide, which gives kefir its typical fizzy aspect.

Kefir is inoculated with special kefir grains. These grains are mixtures of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

Kefir fermentation is done at room temperature, which makes the process easier. On the other hand, not everyone likes the taste of kefir.

C6H12O6 –> 2C3H6O3+2ATP Sugar (glucose) → Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide +Energy (ATP)or

Pyruvic acid + NADH → Lactic acid + NAD

PRODUCTION OF KEFİR

QUALITY PARAMETERS OF KEFIR

Burcu AYKANAT

INGREDIENTS OF KEFIR

Water

Fat

Lactose

Lactic acid

Minerals

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF KEFIR

Kefir composition is non-uniform and not well described.The type and volume of milk affect its sensory, chemical and textural properties.

The composition of its grains and cultures and the production process influence its properties.

Kefir typically contains 89–90% moisture, 0.2% lipid, 3.0% protein, 6.0% sugar, 0.7% ash and 1.0% each of lactic acid and alcohol.

Kefir has been reported to contain 1.98 g/L of CO2 and 0.48% alcohol and the content of carbon dioxide (201.7–277.0 ml/L) positively correlated with the concentration (10–100 g/L) of kefir grains

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