In section 4.1, we examined a variety of heat exchange equipment used in the food process industry. There are a number of different geometrical configurations used in designing heat exchange equipment, such as tubular, plate, and scraped surface heat exchangers. The primary objective in using a heat exchanger is to transfer thermal energy from one fluid to another. Recall from previous discussionenergy in a fluid, if its temperature changes from T1 to T2, may be expressed as;

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